HOW CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY/STENTING BEING DONE

Coronary intervention is a medical procedure to relieve the narrowings or blockages of the coronary arteries. These blockages are caused by cholesterol deposits.  They are called either plaques or stenoses. Almost 98% of coronary angioplasty nowadays uses stent, tiny metal scaffolding, which have been shown to reduce the chances of renarrowing (restenosis). Patients are usually given antiplatelet medications (aspirin and clopidogrel prior to this procedure) and antithombotic agent (low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin).

Using the same access as coronary angiogram, the doctor will insert a different catheter called the guiding catheter. This catheter’s tip will be placed at the origin of the coronary artery. Guide wire which is as thin as our hair is then inserted into the guiding catheter. The doctor will gently glide the guide wire to pass across the plaque or stenosis. The tip of the guide wire is usually placed at the far end of the coronary artery (distal end). All the coronary devices that enter the coronary arteries over ridding the guide wire.

The plaque or stenosis is the prepared further with either predilatation or rotational arterectomy prior to stent insertion. Predilatation uses small coronary balloon. The doctor places the coronary balloon at the stenosis, expand the balloon and pushes the cholesterol filled stenosis or plaque into the coronary artery wall.

The doctor places the stent at the stenosis or plaque. The balloon is then inflated and pushes the stent to the coronary artery wall. It forms scaffolding and holds the artery open. The stent is left behind to maintain blood flow down the coronary artery.

After all the balloon and guide wire removed from the coronary artery, final pictures is taken and the procedure is completed.

If its transradial approach, the sheath is removed and NICHBAN is applied immediately. If its transfemoral approach, the sheath is removed only after the ACT is below 150 (usually after 1 to 2 hours upon completion of the procedure).

THIS TIME ITS ON VIDEO MODE...

THIS IS THE VIDEO MODE OF THIS PREVIOUSLY POSTED CASE..

TRANSRADIAL PRIMARY PTCA TO RCA

No objection to Sime Darby stake in IJN: Najib

This is probably one of the saddest day in my life. IJN shares will be bought by a public listed company. Which means that profit will come into play now. I have worked in IJN 2003 to 2007 and felt very proud that IJN had mould me into what I am now.

I am not too sure why the government agree to selling stakes to IJN to PLC. At the end of the day, the patients will suffer. About 85% of patients are government officers, pensioners and from poor social economic status. They may not be able to afford further care from this institution.

The newly developed Cardiology Department in Hospital Serdang has only 2 cardiac catheteization labs, as compared to 4 (may be up to 8 if the new wing is fully functioning) in IJN. The infrastructure is not there to cope with the demands from the public.

If IJN wants to be more profitable, then they should tap to medical tourism. Get more international patients and use their reputation as one of the world's best.

Leave IJN alone!

Once again, hands off IJN, please!

Sime Darby eyes IJN

Sime Darby Confirms Its Interest In Aquiring IJN Stake - Bernama

Sime Darby eyes stake in hospital operator IJN

TOWARDS BETTER HUMAN RELATIONSHIP

This is something I found during my visit to dentist. He put up a nice poster without the name of the author. Something I like to share to make this world a better place to live..

1. Be polite and well-mannered

2. Remember people’s name

3.Be cheerful and remember to smile

4. Practice appreciation

5. Show a sincere interest in others

6. Be a good listener

7. Be patient, tolerant and understanding

8. Always be kind and helpful

9. Don’t argue with people

10. Watch your speech

11. Never criticize without complementing

12. Avoid controversial or sensitive issues

13. Don’t brag, be humble

14. Observe punctuality

15. Always keep promises

16. Treat others with respect

17. See the good in people

18. Admit our mistakes

19. Nurture relationship

20. Do unto others as you would have others do unto to you

21. Try our best to be the best

PTCA LAD TRANSFEMORAL APPROACH

For this presentation, I used Windows Movie Maker..

The patient had no periprocedural complications and was discharged well the following day. I decided not to proceed with ptca to lad during the acute setting due to financial constrains.

WHAT IS CORONARY ANGIOGRAM?

1. Medical procedure to look at degree of narrowing (stenosis) in coronary arteries that run on the surface of heart muscle.

2. Patient and family will be advice regarding its indication, risk and preparation by the physician.

3. Coronary angiogram can be done either as inpatient or outpatient (daycare) basis. The choices of either depends upon the patient's condition. If the patient is stable, usually the coronary angiogram can be done as daycare.

4. Patient is required to fast at least 4 hours prior to this procedure.

5. The procedure is performed by puncturing an artery either at the wrist (transradial) or groin (transfemoral). 

6. A small tube about 2mm diameter called diagnostic catheter is inserted through the arterial access.

7. Using guide wire, the diagnostic catheter is then positioned just at the mouth/origin of the coronary blood vessels.

8. Contrast solution is then injected though the catheter. As it flows down the coronary arteries, CINE is taken.

9. A few views were taken for each left and right coronary systems.

10. This procedure takes about 5 to 10 minutes.

11. At the end of the procedure, the doctor will explain to patient and family members regarding the findings and further plans.

12. If the plan is for coronary angioplasty, then with the same sheath, the doctor can proceed immediately. This will take further 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the complexity of the procedure.

13. At the end of this procedure, the sheath is removed. If the procedure was transradial (wrist), a specialized plaster, NICHIBAN, is applied to the wrist for about 4 hours. If the procedure was transfemoral (groin), a technician will press manually over the groin for about 15 minutes followed by lying flat for 6 hours.

14. Patients are advised  not to move the wrist excessively for about 5 days if the procedure is transradial.

15. Patients are advised not to carry heavy objects and walk vigorously after transfemoral angiogram.

16. Patients are usually advice to seek medical attention if the developed pain, swelling at puncture site, fever and chest discomfort.

TRANSRADIAL PRIMARY PTCA TO RCA

THIS IS AN INTERESTING CASE THAT I DID RECENTLY. 47 YEAR OLD MAN PRESENTED 4 HOURS CHEST DISCOMFORT. CORONARY RISK FACTORS ARE SMOKER AND HYPERTENSION. 12 LEAD ECG SHOWED ST ELEVATION IN INFERIOR LEADS. HIS HAEMODYNAMICS REMAINED STABLE. CRUSHED ASPRIN 300MG, CLOPIDOGREL 300MG AND SUBLINGUAL GLYCERINE TRINITRATE WAS GIVEN STAT TO PATIENT.

HE WAS TAKEN TO CATH LAB 50 MINUTES AFTER PRESENTATION. THE ARTERIAL ACCESS WAS FROM THE RIGHT RADIAL ARTERY. USING DIAGNOSTIC OPTITORQUE 5F DIAGNOSTIC CATHETER, THE LEFT AND RIGHT CORONARY ARTERIES WERE CANNULATED. THE LEFT CORONARY SYSTEM WAS ESSENTIALLY NORMAL.

THE RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY (RCA) WAS OCCLUDED WITH THROMBUS FROM THE PROXIMAL SEGMENT.

I THEN PROCEED TO PERFORM CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY OF RCA. THE RCA WAS ENGAGED WITH JR 3.5 6F GUIDING CATHETER. THE LESION WAS CROSSED EASILY USING COUGAR XT GUIDE WIRE. THROMBUS ASPIRATION WAS PERFORMED USING EXPORT CATHETER. I FOUND MINIMAL AMOUNT OF RED THROMBUS. THE LESION WAS PREDIALATED WITH SPRINTER LEGEND 2.0X10MM INFLATED AT 12 ATM

I PROCEED WITH STENTING USING ENDEAVOUR 2.5X30MM STENT DEPLOYED AT 14 ATM. THE IMMEDIATE ANGIOGRAHIC RESULTS WAS GOOD WITH NO RESIDUAL STENOSIS, TIMI III FLOW FLOW AND TMP III MYOCARDIAL BLUSH

THE DOOR TO BALLON TIME WAS 65 MINUTES. THE RADIAL ACCESS SHEATH WAS REMOVED AND NICHIBAN WAS APPLIED FOR HAEMOSTASIS. 

THE PATIENT WAS NURSED IN ICU OVERNIGHT. 12 LEAD ECG SHOWED COMPLETE ST RESOLUTION AND HIS CK PEAKED AT 871U/L. HE WAS DISCHARGED WELL ON DAY 3 ADMISSION.

HIS MEDICATIONS UPON DISCHARGED ARE

1. CLOPIDOGREL 75MG DAILY

2. CARDIPRIN 100MG DAILY

3. ATORVASTATIN 80MG DAILY

4. RAMIPRIL 10MG BD